Monday, December 30, 2019

Molly Brown Margaret Tobin Brown, Titanic Survivor

Known for: surviving the Titanic disaster and helping others; part of the Denver mining boomDates: July 18, 1867 - October 26, 1932Also known as: Margaret Tobin Brown, Molly Brown, Maggie, Mrs. J. J. Brown, Unsinkable Molly Brown Made famous by the 1960s musical, The Unsinkable Molly Brown, Margaret Tobin Brown was not known by the nickname Molly during her lifetime, but as Maggie in her younger years and, following the custom of her time, mostly as Mrs. J. J. Brown after her marriage. Molly Brown grew up in Hannibal, Missouri, and at 19 went to Leadville, Colorado, with her brother. She married James Joseph Brown, who worked in the local silver mines. While her husband advanced to superintendent in the mines, Molly Brown started soup kitchens in the mining community and became active in womens rights. Molly Brown in Denver J. J. Brown (known as Leadville Johnny in the film and Broadway versions of Margaret Browns story) found a means of mining gold, making the Browns wealthy and, after a move to Denver, part of Denver society. Molly Brown helped found the Denver Womans Club and worked for juvenile courts. In 1901 she went to the Carnegie Institute to study, and in 1909 and 1914 she ran for Congress. She spearheaded a campaign that raised the money to build the Roman Catholic cathedral in Denver. Molly Brown and the Titanic Molly Brown was traveling in Egypt in 1912 when she received word that her grandson was ill. She booked passage on a ship to return home; the Titanic. Her heroism in assisting other survivors and getting people to safety was recognized after her return, including with the French Legion of Honour in 1932. Molly Brown was head of the Titanic Survivors Committee which supported immigrants who had lost everything in the disaster and helped to get a memorial erected to the Titanic survivors in Washington, DC. She was not allowed to testify in Congressional hearings about the sinking of the Titanic, because she was a woman; in response to this slight she published her account in newspapers. More About Molly Brown Molly Brown went on to study acting and drama in Paris and New York and to work as a volunteer during World War I. J.J. Brown died in 1922, and Margaret and the children contended over the will. Margaret died in 1932 of a brain tumor in New York. Print Bibliography Iversen, Kristen. Molly Brown: Unraveling the Myth. 1999.Whitacre, Christine. Molly Brown: Denvers Unsinkable Lady. 1984.Grinstead, Leigh A., and Gueda Gayou. Victorian Gardens at the Molly Brown House. 1995.Wills, May B., and Caroline Bancroft. Unsinkable Molly Brown Cookbook. 1966.Unsinkable Molly Brown: Vocal Selections. (Lyrics to songs from the musical.) Childrens books Blos, Joan W., and Tennessee Dixon. The Heroine of the Titanic: A Tale Both True and Otherwise of the Life of Molly Brown. 1991. Ages 4-8. Pinson, Mary E. Youre an Orphan, Molly Brown. 1998. Ages 10-12.Simon, Charnan. Molly Brown: Sharing Her Good Fortune. 2000. Ages 9-12. Music and Videos The Unsinkable Molly Brown. Original Soundtrack, CD, Remaster, 2000.The Unsinkable Molly Brown. Original Broadway Cast, CD, 1993.The Unsinkable Molly Brown. Director: Charles Walters. 1964.

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Carl s Struggle For Identity - 942 Words

Within the case study â€Å"Carl’s Struggle for Identity† the focal client system is Carl for purpose of this paper. Cultural, social, gender, self, and sexual identity are reoccurring themes throughout the period of adolescence. This client system internalizes and attempts to modify those themes, adapting positively or negatively to social transactions. Carl’s incorporates labels like â€Å"fatso, underachiever, and head† into his social identity, because his doctor and the generalized other or â€Å"everyone† else deemed them to be true. The search for individualization throughout the social and family environments is greatly emphasized, with focus on peer, romantic, and sexual interactions (Hutchinson 2008). Defining â€Å"who I am† an aspect of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, Carl searches for individualization within his family environment, but cannot connect similarities or differences he has with his absent father (Hut chinson 2008, pg.). Carl’s desire to have meaningful peer relationships shape his behaviors around drug use and delinquent activity. The lack of structure and emphasis on academics in Carl’s home life and relationships, the client has little or no expectations on school success. Improper food choices, work, heredity, and lack of exercise are contributing factors to Carl’s obesity. Following proper intervention, it would optimal to see Carl interacting positively with peers, allotting more time to his studies and extracurricular, making more cognizant healthShow MoreRelatedWorking Class Solidarity:Rebuilding Youngstown1205 Words   |  5 Pagesparticular. As a result â€Å"steelmaking fueled the area’s economy and defined its identity† (68). The city was represented in newspapers, art work, postcards, and many texts as both â€Å"impressive and attractive† (75), as well as â€Å"imposing, confusing, and uninviting† (86). Considering t he conflicting representations, steelmaking â€Å"also suggest(s) a key element of conflict in the community† that it was so clearly creating an identity for (69). At the end of chapter two in, Steel Town U.S.A., the authors, SherryRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs810 Words   |  4 Pages In the 1940’s and 1950’s Carl Rogers developed the Person Centered Theory. This theory is also referred to as Client- Centered or Rogerian Theory. This practice is the practice of psychotherapy. Person centered theory works as a non directive approach which ultimately allows the client complete capacity for finding and discovering their own answers. The relationship established by the client and counselor is a crucial aspect of the theory. It is essential that the client feels safe and comfortableRead MorePsychology : The Influential Bunch1184 Words   |  5 Pagesstage results in a healthy personality and acquisition of basic virtues (McLeod n. d.). 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Neo-Analytic and Ego Aspects emerged as theorist including Carl Jung, Alfred Alder, Erik Erickson and Karen Horney stressed Freud’s ideas regarding sexuality, early experience, socialization and the unconscious mind were misguided (King, 2013). Carl Jung, who lived from 1875 to 1961 and was considered Freud’s prodigy, grew up in Switzerland. Jung spent a large part of his lonely childhood daydreaming aboutRead More Pursuit of the American Dream in Catch Me If You Can and Blow1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthe same goal, which is the â€Å"American Dream,† after being far from it during childhood. Based on the true story of Frank Abagnale Jr, â€Å"Catch Me If You Can† tells of a successful con artist who managed to pass himself off as several identities for personal gain. During high school, Frank Abagnale Jr. idolized his father, who was constantly in trouble with the IRS. When his parents separate, he runs away to Manhattan with $25 in his pocket. Frank is determined to regain his dads lossesRead MoreArchetypal Criticism in The Road by Cormac McCarthy Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pagesand especially death and life. This novel provides an excellent illustration of the essence of archetypal criticism as the themes and patterns that are persistent in humanity are revealed. The origins of Archetypal criticism come from the work of Carl Jung, a prominent Swiss psychiatrist, who recognized literary patterns in humanity. Jung suggested that humanity has a, â€Å"Collective unconscious that manifests itself in dreams, myths, and literature through archetypes: persistent images, figures, andRead MoreEssay on Richard Wrights The Man Who Was Almost a Man1658 Words   |  7 PagesRichard Wrights The Man Who Was Almost a Man The Man Who Was Almost a Man is a fictitious short story about an uneducated black boys quest to become a man. Growing up in the early 1900s was a very hard task for most black people. The lack of education was one of the hardest hills they had to overcome to make it in a world dominated by whites. The story centers upon one 17-year boy who has very low self-esteem caused by his peers. He believes that owning a gun will gain him respect withRead MoreLife Span Development and Personality of Michael Jackson1131 Words   |  5 PagesMichael evolved into his teenage and adult years, he could not grasp his identity. â€Å"Erikson described identity as a subjective sense as well as an observable quality of personal sameness and continuity, paired with some belief in the sameness and continuity of some shared world image† (Cherry, 2012). Michael knew what was expected of him. He was viewed as a great entertainer, but he struggled with his self-identity. Michael’s lack of self-image is explained by ‘Erikson’s Psychosocial

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Hum/130 Final Free Essays

Buddhism HUM/130 January 13, 2013 Buddhism In this paper we will put to an end to the ongoing question if the Buddhists are bowing down to Idols or Gods and why they do what they do. This paper will go into detail about the temple that I went to and the different tours that I was able to go on and the interview I was able to hold. I will also go into great detail about what you experience during one of the services in the Main Shrine. We will write a custom essay sample on Hum/130 Final or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Hsi Lai Temple sits on 15 acres of land and has a floor area of 102,432 sq. ft. nd is located at 3456 Glenmark Drive, Hacienda Heights CA 91745. The architecture when you first drive up is mind blowing and beautiful. The architecture stays true to the traditional styles of buildings, gardens, and statuary of the ancient Chinese monasteries. They started the planning and building of the temple in 1978 and finished the building ten years later in 1988. Hsi Lai means â€Å"coming west† and signifies the dedication of the Fo Guang Shan Buddhist Order to spreading the teachings of the Buddha. Fo Guang Shan is the largest monastery and covers over 370 acres. When you walk up the first set of steps you come to what they call the gate. On the top part of the sign it says Hsi Lai Temple which again means â€Å"coming west† and then on the four pillars it says the four universal vows, which are â€Å"to save all sentient beings, to eradicate all worries, to study the boundless Dharma, and to attain supreme Buddhahood. † After you walk up the steps from the lower parking lot where the gate is you walk up more steps to the upper parking lot and then from their you walk up more steps to what they call the Bodhisattva Hall. Bodhisattvas are enlightened beings that made a vow to selflessly serve others with loving-kindness and compassion and are committed to liberating all beings from suffering. It is said that each one of the bodhisattvas represents a virtuous quality essential to all Buddhists. When talking about the bodhisattvas they made a point to make sure that we understood that when we saw that people were bowing to them that they were not bowing to an idol, but rather a sign of showing respect and seeking their guidance to develop the virtuous qualities they represent. Bowing also shows our own humility and the curbing of our ego. There are five bodhisattvas are: Samantabhadra Bodhisattva which is symbolic of great practice, and helping us achieve more discipline in our daily life, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva which was known for his great vow to help all beings in hell and would not stop till hell was emptied of all beings, Maitreya Bodhisattva is the future Buddha and is the symbol of great benevolence and is often referred to as Happy Buddah, Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva which symbolizes the perfection and loving-kindness, and Manjusri Bodhisattva which is known for great wisdom which empowers one to distinguish universal morality from wrongdoing. Underneath the five bodhisattva are engraved Chinese characters from the Diamond Sutra. Next to the Heart Sutra the Diamond Sutra is the most widely read of the Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra, and is highly valued among sects in Chan Buddhism. While I was at the His Lai Temple I found that they have an information where you can go on two different types of tours of their temple: the first being a self-guided audio tour where they give you a cd player and it gives you valuable information about the temple and all its rooms and buildings as well as the gardens and information on the statues that are found throughout the temple, The second type of tour they offer is with a docent who is more than willing to answer any questions that may come up during the tour, while they inform you about everything within the temple. The two gardens I was able to see within the temple was: the first being the Arhat Garden where the eighteen arhats are seated. The Arhats have realized the truth of no-self and that all is a composite of the five aggregates dependant on other phenomena originally empty and subject to impermanence. It is said that the eighteen Arharts were able to overcome the difilements of greed, anger, and ignorance. The eighteen Arhats are: Cudapanthaka which is the door watching arhat, Jivaka which is the heart exposing arhat, Vajraputra which is the persuading arhat, Subinda which is the pagoda holding arhat, Panthaka which is the arhat with stretched arms, Kalika which is the dust cleaning arhat, Bhadra which is the arhat that crossed the river, Pindola which is the arhat with long eyebrows, Nakula which is the silently seated arhat, Ajita which is the arhat riding the deer, Maitreya which is the tiger taming arhat, Angaja which is the arhat with a sack, Vananasim which is the arhat under the banana tree, Rahula which is the arhat in deep conversation, Manakassapa which the dragon subduing arhat, Kanakabharadavaja which is the arhat holding the alms bowl, Nagasena which is the ear cleaning arhat, and Kanakavatsa which is the jolly arhat. The second garden is the Avalokitesvara Garden. Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva is seated on a giant rock with both her attendants, Shanci and Longnu who are stan ding beside her. Surrounding the pond are the four Deva Kings: Virudhaka of the Southern Kingdom which is holding the sword, Virupaksa of the Western Kingdom which is holding the dragon, Dhanada of the Northern Kingdom which is holding the umbrella, and the Dhrtarastra of the Eastern Kingdom which is holding a sitar. The four Deva Kings are revered as guardians who protect devout sentient beings from being harmed by unwholesome elements. Standing around the four Deva Kings are the four Dragon Kings of the Four Seas. The flowing water in the garden is symbolic of the Dharma water flowing everywhere to purify people’s minds. Although the Buddhist love informing people of their religion and teaching you about their beliefs. They are really not very forth coming when it comes to helping someone who is there for a school assignment. I was asked by the individual to leave his name out and was further informed that they do not normally do this kind of interview. When asked about the holidays and traditions he said the most important holiday is Wesak Day which comes in May on the day of the full moon. As for traditions he said that it all depends on the form of Buddhism tradition that you followed. When asked how has his life has been shaped by the Buddhism religion he said that it has made him a more understanding person to what he called the true nature of life. When asked what the biggest challenge is to the Buddhist religion he said that with all beliefs the biggest challenge is changing you. He has been practicing Buddhism since he was born and was taught by monks and other teachers about the Buddhist religion. When asked if there were any dietary restrictions, he did not come out and say that you had to be vegan but stated that it was more wholesome to be vegan. During our interview I found that it was real simple to become a Buddhist and that all you really have to do is follow the teachings. After that question he seemed to be in a real hurry to end the interview but I thanked him for his time and let him know that what I was able to get answered was very helpful. When it came to compairing this religion to another I chose Christianity, not because it was the easier to compare because I found them to have very obvious differences. In Christianity when you become a Christian you accept God into your heart as Lord and Savior and then are baptized as a symbol of the washing of your sins. When you become a Buddhist you just start following the teachings of the Buddha. The other difference that stood out to me was that Christians believe in a heaven and hell and Buddhist believe that hell is only in the mind. Christians believe that when you die you go to heaven to be with your Lord and Savior, Buddhist believe that when you are done with this life you are reincarnated in the next life. I found this religion to be incredibly interesting as well as beautiful. This religion is all about selflessness, which I found in this day and age to be comforting. In order to become a Buddhists you, you are told to give up all your worldly possessions. Today, everything is about worldly possessions from the cell phone that they have the designer clothes they own, to the car that they drive. When the subject of material possessions is brought up it starts making you think about what is really important in your life and how much thought you actually put into material possessions. I have found that people say that their family and friends are important, but if someone were to ask them to give up these possessions what do you think they would say? These people would tell you that you were out of your mind and then proceed to give you every excuse under the sun on why they could not do this. I believe that it takes an amazing person to be able to put someone else’s life before their own and to truly be devoted unconditionally. As I watched the monks interact with people throughout the times I was there it seemed like they were truly at peace and seemed like they had it all figured out when it came to life. When I first started the assignment I thought that it was going to be stuffy and that I would have to deal with someone who did not want to truly be in the place of having to help someone with a school paper. I found that to be completely false and actually found that not only the monks were willing to answer questions, but all the staff members were happy to answer whatever questions that anybody came up with. At the end of this assignment I found that Buddhism not only left you with such a serine feeling not only while you were in the temple but when you left it made you feel like you could accomplish anything if you just believed. They believe that the only way to truly achieve happiness is by giving up yourself and start paying more attention to others. References: An Introduction to Buddhism. (2000). Retrieved from http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/buddhaintro. html Religious Tolerance. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. religioustolerance. org/buddhism. htm buddhanet. (2013). Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cwe/citation_generator/web_01_01. asp How to cite Hum/130 Final, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

A Journey to the Center of the Earth Essay Example For Students

A Journey to the Center of the Earth Essay In the novel, A Journey to the Center of the Earth, author Jules Verne tells the fictitious story of three men and their adventures as they descend into the depths of the earth. The leading character in this expedition is a fifty-year-old German professor named Hardwigg. He is an uncle to the narrator, Henry Harry, a simple Englishman. The other man is Hans, a serene Icelandic guide. Professor Hardwigg finds a piece of parchment that written in Runic in a book. Harry finds out before his uncle that it says there is a way to get into the center of the earth through a mountain Mt. Sneffels in Iceland. Harry is reluctant to tell his uncle the message because he is afraid his uncle will actually want to visit the center of the earth. He was right because the professor wanted to explore as soon as possible. They head off to Iceland, and, along the way, receive Hans as their guide. The journey to the mountain itself takes a while. They reach the entrance to the center, and from there, they head inside. Once in the dark labyrinths, they descend this goes on for days. The three men then face difficulties: thirst, light, getting lost, injuries, and fatigue, were among them. They make many discoveries. They find that theres a sea, with fish and sea monsters. They find forests, giant mushrooms, animals that look like dinosaurs, and even what seems to be giant human beings. The idea of writing this story came from a scientist who explored the crater of a certain mountain. Verne got the idea that maybe it would be possible to descend even further into the earth. Many of Vernes fantasy stories have come true in the years following his death in the year 1905. A Journey to the Center of the Earth is farthest from reality. Even with the technology we have today, it would be impossible for one to descend into the earth. For one thing, we know now that the earth cant be hollow because of extreme pressures and temperatures. People became interested in Vernes stories during his time because though they were unrealistic, they were too interesting and entertaining to pass up. Some people even believed he had traveled to the many places that he wrote of. While checking into a hotel once, the woman told him to rest well in the room because he must be tired from his many adventures. She probably thought this because Verne uses facts of science so well the story can seem as if it were actually the real thing. Vernes writings about submarines, space travel, helicopters were prophecies of the future. It is a mystery how he came up with such ideas for wonderfully told adventures. Verne grew up when steam engines were changing the world. He was the first writer to proclaim that scientific discovery could prompt remarkable stories. I found A Journey to the Center of the Earth thoughtful and mind-boggling at the same  time. The discoveries they find are truly unbelievable: Sea monsters, a sea, giants, forests and giant mushrooms. These are surely non-existent because nothing like them could live in such circumstances. The characters in this story must have also been extremely strong and determined, since theyre able to live for so long underground in darkness somewhat. The beginning of the story is quite slow; they take a long time to start descending into the earth. Once you get into the story, its quite easy to find yourself in the midst of the channels of granite. A Journey to the Center of the Earth is a wonderfully well written book. The very idea of a person being able to travel into the earth is remarkable in itself. To put seas and creatures into the story is exceptional. Jules Verne is such a great writer, he makes this adventure

Friday, November 29, 2019

Contrast of Modern Othello to Shakesperian Othello Essay Example

Contrast of Modern Othello to Shakesperian Othello Paper The strong influential themes of race and women in Shakespeare’s Othello are consistently portrayed in Jeoffery Sax’s contemporary film version of Othello, however the themes are greatly contrasted through the influential changes in society which undermine the values and purposes of these themes. The changes in values of these themes are expressed vividly in both accounts. It is evident throughout Shakespeare’s Othello that women are portrayed through the stereotypical stance of having a ‘lower status’ to men, as a males dominate society in nearly all aspects. Women were displayed as being promiscuous, untrustworthy, rash decision makers and generated a lack of intellect or understanding. Women were not respect but rather referred to as props who led less respectable lives to that of men. This is evident through out Shakespeare’s Othello as Desdemona is represented as the typical wife and Emilia is portrayed as the typical female servant. The first evidence of this is demonstrated in Act one where Barbantio, Desdemona’s father speaks out against Othello and Desdemona’s marriage, he expresses the notion of Desdemona being ‘bound to him for life and education’ and he expresses her as his own property and that he must own her until he gives her to a somewhat successful powerful white noble figure. We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast of Modern Othello to Shakesperian Othello specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast of Modern Othello to Shakesperian Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast of Modern Othello to Shakesperian Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This expresses his stereotypical view of women within society and this is highly ironic due to the circumstances in which Desdemona is acting out of the typical character of women by diseaving her father and marrying a highly contrasted figure, being Othello, than her father has desired. The stereotypical circumstance for women in Elizabethan times states that women shall remain virgins until marriage and therefore must give their virginity to their husbands as a way of demonstrating the theory of being bound for life. This coincides with the past interpretation of Barbantio representing women as props and the ability to own them. The symbol of the handkerchief in Shakespeare’s Othello is a symbol of virginity as the handkerchief is dotted with red strawberries, which strongly suggests the bloodstains left on the sheets on a virgin’s wedding night. The handkerchief being a gift from Othello to Desdemona plays a significant role through Igao’s method of manipulation. By questioning Desdemona essence of virginity Iago is able to successfully portray Desdemona as how he feels women should be perceived. â€Å"In Venice they do let God see the pranks they dare not show their husbands. Their best conscience s not to leave’t undone, but keep’t unknown’. By alluding to God Shakespeare is ironically contrasting the purity of virginity to the defilement of promiscuous women. This is alluding to Iago’s consistent reflection of women as promiscuous whores. Othello says to Desdemona â€Å"come my dear love,/ The purchase made, the fruits are to ensue. / The profit’s yet to come ’tween me and you† This metaphorical comment seems to indicate the couple has not yet made their marriage official through the act of sex. The â€Å"purchase† is the wedding and the â€Å"fruits† are the sex. This is ironic for theoretically this implies Othello’s lack of control over Desdemona for he does not yet own her through taking her virginity, this also alludes to the essence of promiscuity as she could have given her virginity to someone like Cassio which adds to Othello’s ability to be manipulated. However the metaphor could be suggesting Othello to already have taken her virginity by suggesting the â€Å"purchase† is Desdemona’s virginity. This could then suggest Othello’s unwillingness to account for his wrongdoing in unleashing her newly awakened sexuality. Emilia’s attitude to the roles of women in Elizabethan is strong and portrays an ironic sense of acting against traditions. Her views are strongly contrasted to that of Desdemona who’s attitude towards her own chasity at the end of the play represents her how males of the time would have expected of a women, however Emila expresses the ideal of looking for happiness else where and she argues that women should have a middle ground, she demonstrates a social stance in that women are humans with needs and desires rather than virgins and whores. She expresses this through the metaphor as man are â€Å"all but stomaches, and we are all but food. /They eat us hungrily, and when they are full, / They belch us† In Jeoffrey Sax’s film version of Othello women are portrayed in a different manner due to the changed in the role of women within society. Women have become more powerful, living lives with proper careers and the ability to choose their lovers for themselves. However similar to that of Elizabethan times women are still portrayed as promiscuous as they have gained the ability to have multiple partners, and it is no longer required to remain a virgin until marriage. The power of men over women however is still evident in the contemporary version and this is demonstrated in the opening silouqy of the film, through a close up shot of a dark male hand over a light female hand. This is a representation of the power of men in society and especially within this particular relationship. The two hands do not contain wedding rings which signify the change in attitude towards marriage, and the relationship between marriage and sex. These two figures are evidently unbound to each other for life but are engaging in sexual physical activities. The ownership of women is subtly expressed through Dessie’s stereotypical views of the power struggle between men and women in relation ships. â€Å"Isn’t that what happens between men and women, the men talk and the women listen† This generalised statement reflects the stereotypical nature of John and Dessie’s relationship and foreshadows the somewhat expected ending tragedy in which John fails to listen to Dessie resulting in her ironic death as a pure trustworthy wife. Through the metaphor â€Å"I am a blank sheet waiting for you to write your name on me† Demonstrates Dessie’s lack of power in the relationship resulting in her death. Dessie’s purity and stereotypical values of innocence within women is contrasted with that of Lulu’s interpretation of women within society. Lulu is far more courageous and promiscuous women when it comes to men and sex, however she is able to foreshadow Othello’s actions through the mere doubt she acquires for men in general. I used to shag people out of sheer politeness† represents Lulu’s ability to sleep with men without being in love with them. This demonstrates the power Lulu acquires to be independent of men as apposed to Dessie who completely gives herself to Othello. The stances in which Dessie and Lulu acquire within the contemporary version are very similar to that of Desdemona and Emilia in Shakespeare’s Othello. Jago in Sax’s version alludes dire ctly to Iago in Shakespeare’s version as his view of women related directly to the view of women in Elizabethen times. Women are the same, they like it more than we think they do†, through the use of sex as a tool for power and manipulation Jago is successfully able to manipulate John’s trust in Dessie by means of the robe as motif representing their sexual desires for one another. The robe is the modern version of the handkerchief as it is a representation of love and sex between John and Dessie, however in the modern version Dessie gives it to John which demonstrates the contemporary changes in values and interpretations of sexual desire. Through Dessie giving it to John and the mere misunderstanding of Dessie also giving to Michael Cass the reoccurring theme of a shift in the power of women is established. The representation of race within Shakespeare’s Othello is demonstrated very early on in the play as the audience is firstly introduced to him by means of conversation between two other parties in which they refer to him as the moor, the moor being someone of black appearance. In the opening scene the negative perception of Othello is portrayed by Iago and Roderigo as they accuse Othello of stealing Barbantio’s daughter. They directly refer to him as a â€Å"thief† and explain â€Å"Your daughter and the Moor , are now making the beasts with two backs† which allows the audience to refer to him as a devil character by directly associating Othello with animalistic qualities. Creating the imagery of Othello acquiring beast like qualities alludes to the prospect of his character enabling such savage qualities as the extremities of abduction and rape. The animalistic qualities are metaphorical for his race by means of a savage Moor. References to animals is evident throughout the play not only when referring to Othello himself, this represents a sense of the laws of nature rather than the laws of society which primarily govern the characters in the play. As the audience is properly introduced to the Moore, the image becomes clear in Othello’s nature of speech that he does not inherit any of the stereotypical characteristics of evil qualities depicted by Iago. In act 1 scene 3 through the use of figurative language the Duke declares quietly to Barbantio â€Å"Your son-in-law is far more fair than black†, this metaphor symbolises the way in which Othello inherits qualities of a white man’s honesty by the dramatic contrast between colours. This is an ironic representation of forshadowing as in the end of the play Othello becomes savage and monstrous as he is consumed by jealousy which contradicts the essence of his fair qualities. Later in the play when Othello starts to undermine Desdemona and his relationship by means of the manipulation tactics of Iago, he draws direct attention to his race â€Å"haply for I am black, and have not those soft parts of conversation that chambers have; or for I am declined into the vale of years – yet that’s not much – she’s gone† This is the first circumstance in which Othello himself has brought direct negative attention to his race, which demonstrates his lacking of confidence in which he so happily acquired at the beginning of the play. Comparing Shakespeare’s Othello to Jeoffery Sax’s film Othello it is obvious the importance of race is far less significant in Elizabethan times, which suggests race has become more of an issue in contemporary times. In Jeoffery Sax’s film Othello the significance of race plays a much more significant role as it seems to create tension within every situation throughout the film. This importance of race is so strong throughout the film and this is evident in the opening silouqy where a close up of a dark male hand is resting over a light female hand. This contrast between the pigments of skin types introduces the recurring theme of inequality within race in modern day society and the role the dark male hand plays within the relationship. Following the opening sililougy the audience is confronted with fast, handheld and diagetic shots of race riots. These shots are highly a contrasted juxtaposition with upper class white society in which the shots are slower and smoother. This suggests further inequality but through creating an image of the black race acting out in the negative sense as savage and uncontrollable. This is similar to the audiences first introduction to the Moore, in which Rodrigo and Iago are referring to him as savage and monstrous. The consistent presence of water within the film acts a recurring symbol or motif in which it represents the yin and yang, meaning opposites as black and white as water is the opposite to fire. This further suggests the consistent battle between black and white men and women in modern society. This relates to values and representations of race from both parties. If I could find any of them with their brains as big as their dicks† suggests the derogatory stereotypical views of black men from a white mans point of view. It symbolises the power of intellect in which the white men claim to have successfully achieved. This statement is highly ironic for during this time in the film John Othello is the only police officer who is using his ‘brain’ and attending to the issues of the street riots in which no other police officer has taken any initiative in resolving. This contradicts this statement through the actions of John Othello being a black police officer. As this statement is announced during a conversation in involving Jago it is interesting as later on in the film Jago declares to John â€Å"You cleaver big black bustard† which is suggesting John as gaining intellect or having a bigger ‘brain’ and therefore being of higher significance and importance. Following this Jago uses direct speech to the audience in which he displays a neurotic fit in which he describes John as a â€Å"patronising ape† the use of animalistic representation is portrayed similar to that of Shakespeare’s version in which it associates John’s race with the actions and qualities of animals through this extended metaphor. John Othello’s approach to the inequality between black and white men and women is suggested from a far less powerful stance in which he suggests his lack of power through his past desire to be white â€Å"Your people brought my people here to work as slaves†¦.. I wanted to be like you, wanted to be white†, this suggests his reclining stance in his pride of his race as he is slowly being extracted of his power. The direct accusation suggests the change in his character to primarily fit the stereotypical characteristics of a black man. This is similar to Shakespeare’s Othello in the evidence of jealousy turning Othello into the savage Moore he so longingly resented. The themes of race and women are strongly displayed in both accounts which suggest the inability of change over time between such different societies; however there are situations which within these themes that suggest a change in attitudes through the extent and position in which these themes are portrayed. The difference in the significance of race from Shakespearian times to modern times reflects the changes in society and how individuals relate to one another through appearance versus reality. The changes in attitudes to women have also changed significantly through the acceptance of women as human beings, enabling them to run their own lives and make their own decisions, the power for women in modern day society has developed so evidently. These as well as the similarities in times are magnificently demonstrated in both accounts.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Great Depression Essays (252 words) - Financial Crises, Free Essays

Great Depression Essays (252 words) - Financial Crises, Free Essays Great Depression Great Depression began in the early 1930's, and lasted about a decade. The main cause for the Great Depression was the combination of the greatly unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920's and extensive stock market speculation that took place during the later part that same decade. The Great Depression was a time in America where jobs were scarce and economic safety was not present. The main cause of The Great Depression was the October stock market crash. From the end of World War I in 1919 the stock market prices kept rising. On October 24, 1929 the stock market crashed. Stock prices plummeted. On that one day, the value of stocks fell fourteen billion dollars. Business started to lay off people. Small stores closed their doors. The lower the money got the more people got laid off. From business, manufacturing, automobile, construction, industries everyone was involved and everyone got hurt. Though people believe now that construction and automobile manufacturing were contracting, about 600 banks were failing each year, and half the American people lived at or below the minimum subsistence level even before the stock market crash. Unemployment approaches 25 percent in 1933. Almost 15,000 banks fail between 1929 and 1933. Millions of people lost all of their savings. Many people ended up sleeping in a shelter ash. Seasons had a lot to do with what some people ate during the depression. They lived on farms and when the crops did not grow their menus changed a lot.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Assignment 3 - Essay Example Scientists describe dark energy as a form of energy in space that accelerates the expansion of the universe. Evidence of dark energy is through: the supernovae, large-scale structure theory, observational Hubble constant data, late-time integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect and the measurement of the cosmic microwave background (Sarkar, pg33). The proponents of the top down scenario proposed that the structure forms through the collapse of a huge gas cloud and as the cloud collapses the gas forms a rapidly rotating disk which is the galaxy (Sarkar, pg55). The bottom-up scenario, on the other hand, involves the merging of smaller objects to form large ones, which mean that galaxies form by the coalescence of smaller structures to form one huge structure. The age of the earth and formation of the various specular objects is the point of contention among the scientists for many centuries. However, there are features and theories which strongly suggest that the earth is at least a million years old: One of the theories tested is the calculation of the rate at which the salt is delivered to the ocean. The level of salt in river water is small and since most rivers flow into oceans measuring the evaporative concentration of the salts reveals that the age of the earth is more than a million years. The thickness of total sedimentary record divided by the average sedimentation rates also yields the same conclusion that the earth is more than a million years

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Copley, Watson and The Shark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Copley, Watson and The Shark - Essay Example This tension is evident in the painting Watson and the Shark. To prove that they are worthy painters at that time, artists would have to paint a historical painting. A historical painting was quite a testament to an artist’s skill because the painting is large and the historical details present in the painting should be accurate, since inaccuracy can result to embarrassment for the painter, as the errors are there for the audience to see. Usually, the subjects for historical paintings are biblical events and situations that preach morality and lessons. There are also paintings, like the name of the genre suggests, that chronicle historical events. Thus, it is also a responsibility of the painter to show the world which event is important and that judgment is also reflective of the painter’s priorities and personality. The historical paintings are artists’ interpretations of the said event; even if they have facts about the event, the painting is dependent on the artist’s knowledge of the event and this may lead to m isinterpretation. If an event is misinterpreted, then the painting is not a success. The subject of the painting Watson and the Shark is Brook Watson and it took place in Havana, Cuba in 1749. Brook Watson was the Lord Mayor of London at the time when he commissioned Copley to paint this unfortunate event in his life. He was fourteen years old when he went to Havana to work in his uncle’s trading ship. As a seaman, he was required to go out to sea. One day, while swimming, he was attacked by a shark. The shark attacked him twice: first by biting off a piece of flesh from his right calf, and then secondly, biting off his whole right foot. His colleagues, who were waiting for their captain to escort him to shore, helped him as they fought of the shark and saved Watson. This was considered to be the first shark attack (on a human) to be fully

Monday, November 18, 2019

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Research - Essay Example Despite the discovery, it is also vital to note the role of traditional design efforts, which focused on value rather than user feeling. Having landed in the discipline of interest provides a feeling of satisfaction to undertake various things in the field of design. My training contributes to user centred design in a number of ways. With regards to visibility, a user centred design should have a mental model that predicts significant elements such as navigation in the design. Additionally, it should offer accessibility through colour coding and organised information that allows viewers easy access. It is vital to note that my discipline plays a crucial role in initiating these factors. Moreover, legibility and language of user centred design should be appropriate. Evidently, my discipline is a key player in inducing ornamental designer fonts with rhetorical assistance; nonetheless, it ensures language used in any design remains relevant and understandable. From an aesthetic angle, the world is gradually transforming in terms of human taste and preferences. The change has left designers with a myriad of challenges on the direction to take. in response, a series of creativity initiatives have prevailed in the artistic world. Additionally, the human surrounding is continually changing with the continued development. The expansive development is taking away the aesthetic value, in the process replacing it with contemporary outlooks. These changes are driving designers to current survival techniques that constitute user centred design. Historically, the journey of design has traversed through different elements of design. It started with the reconnaissance period where designers had an upper hand in their products. They had autonomy to choose the colouring system, what to include in their design and even contextual components. It was a

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Financial Crisis of the French Monarchy

Financial Crisis of the French Monarchy What was the nature of the financial crisis that faced the monarchy in 1789? The financial crisis of the French Monarchy during the 17th and 18th centuries has been an issue of controversy amongst historians, on one hand some historians do not consider the financial crisis to have been of great influence to the French revolution, whereas others believe that the financial crisis was a significant factor of the French revolution. Of the historians that believe the latter, there remains dispute over the nature of the financial crisis. There is somewhat of a classical interpretation, which maintains that the financial crisis was due to the system of taxation and privilege of France. This interpretation has been widely contested in recent years however, with a number of new factors coming to light. Historians such as Joel Felix, now speculate that the financial crisis was due to a vast number of factors such as, War, the governments policy of borrowing, finance ministers and the system of vested interest. In this essay I will examine each of these factors to deter mine what the nature of the financial crisis was, however it is my argument that despite these factors being important, evidence seems to suggest that it was nature in which the government handled the financing during the war that was the biggest contributing factor to the economic crisis. Firstly it is important to consider the crisis that the monarchy faced. In the 1780s it was suggested that the French government was burdened with a debt of 5 million livre, J. Brewer assessed that between the years of 1753 and 1764 the cost of the debt rose from 30% of ordinary revenue to 60% (Brewer, 1989). This debt was huge, however when considered against the history of the French Monarchy, which J. Bosher does in French Finances, there appears to have been deficits and debt burdens throughout, which did not amount to the financial crisis like that seen in 1789. For example Francois I began his reign with unresolved debt and borrowed heavily from Lyon bankers. Similarly Henri II ended his reign in a grand financial crisis; it seems on examination of the Bourbon monarchy, few had not struggled with finances and all had used emergency measures to control government finances. It is important, then, to understand that the situation that the French monarchy was in during the 17th and 18th century was different to the financial problems faced by previous monarchs but not new in its conception. With this in mind a clear evaluation can be made of the nature of the financial crisis of 1789. Firstly I will start with the classical interpretation that the financial crisis was caused largely by a system of taxation and privilege that drained money from the French people. Crucially the argument focuses upon the great tax burden. It was understood from this interpretation that because the first and second estates were exempt from taxation, the whole burden fell upon the third estate, and that these taxes were unusually high. There are several problems with this theory of tax burden upon the third estate as an explanation for the financial crisis. Firstly the Cahier de Dolances evidences that most complaints about taxation were concerned with the inequalities of the tax system as well as collection, complaints about tax burdens namely concerned seigneurial or feudal dues that did not contribute to the Kings annual revenue. Secondly a study by Peter Mathias and Patrick OBrien, which focused on respective tax rates of Britain and France, found that in fact the British were more heavily taxed then the French (Felix, 2006). This evidence suggests that the financial crisis did not come from a reaction to a tax burden. But what of privilege? It is clear that the system of privilege made the financial system of France unjust; also privilege was a crucial part of the ancien regime. Within this opinion it is argued that the privileged orders of France blocked reform methods that would have enabled the monarchy to receive more revenue and correct its huge deficits. It is true that there was opposition to tax reforms from the nobility, and example of this comes from the Parelments rejection of the third vingtieme, which led to Marion commenting, they only had self-interests at heart'[1]. This view point that the privileged sort to block reform to maintain their lifestyle is one that many classical historians attribute to the fall of the ancien regime, and it does enable one to link the issue of privilege to the issue of tax reform, but it does seem to be lacking in some crucial elements that need to be accounted for when evaluating the financial crisis. Firstly, the issue of privilege confuses taxation with finance as Joel Felix points out, it doesnt account for the lack of financial disclosure which caused the finance ministers difficulty in securing loans'[2]. Secondly, the argument that the privilege blocked reforms for selfish interest is destroyed by the Cahier de Dolances which shows that with rare exceptions the members of the nobility ha d unanimously expressed the desire to give up pecuniary privileges and become full'[3]. Thirdly, and probably the most damning criticism of this classical interpretation is that the clergy and nobility would have only added 32-36 million livres well below what was needed to balance the budget'[4]. It seems obvious then, that neither the tax burden nor the system of privilege can be attributed to the financial crisis of 1789, what needs to be considered is the system of taxation itself? It has been suggested that the labyrinth of taxes, franchises and laws amounted to the most powerful block of Monarchys desire to tax more equitably'[5]. The Crown relied on the service of intermediaries to manage. These agents were largely independent and often engaged in profit making enterprises. The financers controlled the borrowing process and had a vested interest in keeping the French finances the way they were. Not only would they lend money to the King at high interest rates, which I shall deal with later, but they took money away from the Kings revenue by charging to collect taxes. An example of this is the Farmers General, a collection of private entrepreneurs that made profit in collecting taxes, arranging payments and money transfers and lending to the Crown. Typically they made a profit of 10 25% or more of the revenue collected'[6] for the Crown, Darigrand suggested for this reason that there was no need for tax reform, just a means of recovering what was lost from collection'[7], he suggested that from 15,000 livre collected 3,000 was left for the Royal Treasury'[8]. Roussel also made this distinction and suggested that the defect of the current financial system was the inability to close the gap between what people paid in taxes and what the King received'[9]. Collection agents also strongly opposed the idea of French Bank system, The accountants, Farmers General and other financers would not tolerate a Central bank system because it would have cut down their profits'[10], which would have helped the French monarchy secure finance dramatically, I shall assess the consequence of this later on. Here it is necessary to make a comparison between Britain and France in terms of tax collection, which many historians such as White, Riley and Bosher, do when evaluating French finances. In Britain tax collection was in the hands of centrally appointed government officials, instead of the French system using independent tax collectors under the Farmers General, who were largely untrained and did not come under the control of the King. The British system was also largely centralised unlike the French system which varied according to region which made revenue policing and administration difficult (Brewer, 1989). It is clear that the tax system in France did contribute more than any other element considered so far to the financial crisis. Other than what I have considered already one of the most dramatic elements of the taxation system was the affect it had on public opinion. There was a deep sense of hatred for the Farmers General within French society, this coupled with the secrecy over French finances bread an attitude that considered the financial crisis to be a result of lavish spending of the government and poor management of finance, rather than other more important factors, J.Felix comes to this conclusion about the public, public who continually blamed the deficits on poor royal administration and expenditure of court rather than on cost of war and burden on privilege'[11]. Despite the damaging effect the taxation system had on French finances it should be considered that the Farmers General in reality took no greater percentage than any other tax collection agency of this period in history, with this considered it seems necessary to evaluate Louis XVI management of his finances and his contribution to the financial crisis. It was commented that France was not overburdened by taxes, but the political economy constrained the ability to finance state expenditure. By this I am not implying that the reason for the financial crisis was due to the Kings lavish spending at court, however the King did undertake in lavish spending in terms of Wars, and it is this which seems to be the most damaging factor concerning French finances. There are many issues to consider when looking at Frances involvement in wars. Many underestimate the impact of war on a countries economic situation, as war was often fought on foreign soil or at sea and is therefore less directly harmful to a kingdoms domestic economy'[12], however an in depth look at the nature at which the French government financed wars provides many answers in understanding the financial crisis. Some historians have said that the financial crisis was largely attributed to wars. The War of League of Augsburg 1688 91 and the War of Spanish Succession 1701-13 for example both occurred during the first 25 years of a cycle of economic depression which resulted in financial difficulties for the monarchy early on. Later in the 17th and 18th centuries three major wars contributed massively to a strain on the government finances. The war of Austrian Succession 1740-8, The Seven Years War 1756-63 and the American War 1778-83, overall the French were involved in 22 years of war compared with 21years peace'[13]. The costs of these wars were huge and resulted in a huge increase in government expenditure. An example of this is the War of Austrian succession in which expenditure exceeded normal income by 112million by 1748[14]. This resulted, as Joel Felix points out, in 8 years the government had to secure a sum of money that without war it would have taken 12years to collect'[15]. Obvio usly war increased the strain on government finance, but it was the governments handling of this that resulted in real financial crisis. The government relied on borrowing to finance these wars, especially in the 17th and 18th centuries, this resulted in numerous problems. The French system of undisclosed financial records and their lack of bank system meant that securing loans was difficult for financial ministers; the interest rates of loans grew according to the length of the war, accompanied by a general lack of confidence lenders had in the French finances. This meant that finance ministers had to offer higher interest rates and short term loans to lenders in order to generate enough revenue, for example Necker offered loans at rates between 6.5 9% (Felix, 2006). This system of lending meant that peacetime became dangerous territory in terms of French finances as they could no longer revenue higher taxes on the public but had large debts to pay off after the war. In respect of this, another issue comes to light, the French public who were already unsatisfied with the system of taxation were unwilling to an increase in taxes come peacetime, and also the need for immediate credit required to fight a war, meant that an increasing demand was put upon finance ministers to finance the war through credit. This is what finance minister Necker did with the American War. Although this solved the difficulty of increasing taxes it left the impression that it was not necessary to increase taxes to finance a war, which was further compounded when Necker published his Compte Rendu au Roi which showed a balanced budget neglecting to show the deficit caused by the war. The result of these measures taken by the French government to secure money for war was tha t it was increasingly incurring more debt without gaining an increase in revenue. Considering this it is again fitting to compare French finances with British finances, for in the same period of time Britain encountered 5 wars but enjoyed a system of adequate finance due to superior system of credit'[16], despite the fact that they too borrowed in order to finance war. There are several reasons for this; firstly the interest rates the British paid were far less than the French, at 3% (Bosher, 1970). This explains why; when Necker estimated the debt of 3,400,000,000 after the American war was equal to England he was wrong, as France was paying double the interest rate of Britain (Bosher, 1970). Secondly, the British had a different system in terms of administration and government control, and also a Bank, it left parliament in control of finances, giving them the control to raise taxes in order to suppress a deficit providing investment confidence. The same is true of its Bank system; it gave the British an effective way of raising funds. It is therefore understand able that Britain was preferable to France, as in Britain the debt was the states, whereas in France the debt was Royal (Bosher, 1970). By far the war had the most impact on the French finances; it pushed the deficit into a sum so large that it could not be counter-acted by increased taxation. It can therefore be used as an explanation of the financial crisis of 1789, but as I have demonstrated in this essay, it is not merely one factor that caused the financial crisis of 1789 but several. What needs to be considered is that it was not Frances involvement in wars that caused the financial crisis, but more the way the French government handled its finances. As can be seen the combined factors of the French keeping its financial details a secret from the public, the French borrowing at high rates, and the governments commitment to a system of privilege that seems to have formed the nature of the financial crisis. This conclusion of there being several factors that formed the nature of the financial crisis seems to have arisen fairly recently, one that modern historians draw upon more than old. J.C.Riley The Seven Years War and the Old Regime Page 212 Princeton University Press 1986 Joel Felix The Financial Origins of the French Revolution Page 44 Macmillian 2006 Joel Felix The Financial Origins of the French Revolution Page 45- Macmillian 2006 E.N. White The French Revolution and the Politics of Government Finance, 1770 -1815 Page 8 The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 55, No. 2 (Jun., 1995) Joel Felix The Financial Origins of the French Revolution Page 47 Macmillian 2006 J. Bosher French Finances Page 9 Cambridge University Press 1970 J.C.Riley- The Seven Years War and the Old Regime Page 204 Princeton University Press 1986 J.C.Riley The Seven Years War and the Old Regime Page 204 Princeton University Press 1986 J.C.Riley The Seven Years War and the Old Regime Page 194 Princeton University Press 1986 J.Bosher French Finances Page 17 Cambridge University Press 1970 J. Felix The Origins of the French Revolution page 60 Macmillian 2006 J.Felix The Origins of the French Revolution page 40 Macmillian 2006 J.Felix The Origins of the French Revolution page 40 Macmillian 2006 J.Felix The Origins of the French Revolution page 41 Macmillian 2006 J.Felix The Origins of the French Revolution page 41- Macmillian 2006 J.Bosher French Finances page 23 Cambridge University Press 1970

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Abraham Lincoln :: essays research papers

Abraham Lincoln was born Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. His parents were both born in Virginia. his mother, who died when he was ten years old, of a family of the name of Hanks. His father. Who moved from Kentucky to Indiana when he was eight years old. He said â€Å"It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up.... Of course when I came of age I did not know much. Still somehow, I could read, write, and cipher ... but that was all." Lincoln made extraordinary efforts to attain knowledge while working on a farm, splitting rails for fences, and keeping a store at New Salem, Illinois. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War, spent eight years in the Illinois legislature, and rode the circuit of courts for many years. His law partner said of him, "His ambition was a little engine that knew no rest." He married Mary Todd, they had four children togather, only one of them lived to maturity, the rest died at an early age. In 1858 Lincoln ran against Stephen A. Douglas for Senator. He lost the election, but in debating with Douglas he gained a national reputation that won him the Republican nomination for President in 1860. As President, he built the Republican Party into a strong national organization. Further, he rallied most of the northern Democrats to the Union cause. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves within the Confederacy. Lincoln never let the world forget that the Civil War involved an even larger issue. This he stated most movingly in dedicating the military cemetery at Gettysburg: "that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.